Examining the Philosophical Impact of Japan's Religious Beliefs

In a country renowned for its environmental conservation and traditional customs, it is no surprise that religion plays a major role in Japan’s cultural heritage and philosophical outlook. Japan’s indigenous religion – Shinto – is deeply rooted in the nation’s historically rural and agricultural lifestyle. Buddhism, on the other hand, is a foreign import strongly shaped by the Chinese and Indians. Over time, the two religions have blended together, creating a unique perspective on life, death, and the hereafter. What is the philosophical impact of Japan’s religious beliefs?

Shinto: Japan’s Indigenous Religion

Shinto is Japan’s indigenous religion, and is the source of some of the nation’s most beloved traditions. From the traditional wedding kimono, to the ceremonial mask worn by the samurai warrior, Shinto has helped to shape a large segment of Japanese culture. The religion is centered on the concept of kami, or gods, who are seen as divine beings with a strong influence over nature and mankind.

In contrast to Buddhism, which seeks to apply strict rules and regulations to everyday life, Shinto is a more intuitive faith. Its emphasis is upon honoring the spiritual nature of everyday life experiences, rather than adhering to specific dogmas. This belief leads to the idea that all life deserves reverence, and that humans should strive to live in harmony with the environment.

Shinto does not have any written texts or core doctrines, but it does have a body of teachings in the form of oral traditions and myths. The most important text is the Kojiki, a book from the 7th century which documents ancient stories and tales of Shinto divinities. These stories help to shed light on the importance of Japanese religious beliefs.
Alex Knight @ Unsplash

Buddhism: The Influence of Indian and Chinese Thought

Buddhism first came to Japan in the 6th century, with the arrival of monks from China and India. It eventually became the primary religious tradition of the imperial court, and has since become highly influential among the Japanese population. Buddhism seeks to provide a philosophical foundation for life, based on the teachings of the historical Buddha.

One of the most important ideas within Buddhism is the concept of suffering, or dukkha, as the central cause of all human experience. By understanding and accepting that suffering is a fundamental part of life, one can begin to develop a perspective of non-attachment and contentment. Buddhism also emphasizes the importance of meditation as a means of connecting with this inner peace, and as a way to develop discipline and liberation.

Another important philosophical idea in Buddhism is the concept of anatta, or non-self. This means that there is no single soul or self, and that humans should not cling to any single identity. Instead, one should strive for an inner and outer balance, and to foster an understanding of the impermanent nature of all things.

Combining Shinto and Buddhism

The close relationship between the two religious traditions cannot be overstated. Over the centuries, the two religions have blended together and mutually influenced one another. In fact, it is common to find Japanese religious ceremonies that combine elements of both Shinto and Buddhism. This eclecticism is known as Shinbutsu-Shugo and expresses the idea of a singular divine power, without precluding either faith.

The philosophical impact of this synthesis of religions is to create a flexible and highly individualized spiritual outlook. The emphasis is on pursuing an inner peace and contentment, regardless of the form of religious tradition followed. It also serves to nurture a deep respect for life, free of the heavy restrictions found in other regions.

Examining the Philosophical Impact of Japan’s Religious Beliefs

Together, the two influential religious traditions of Japan have created a unique outlook on life, one that emphasizes spirituality, harmony, and respect. By examining the philosophical impact of Japan’s religious beliefs, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of the nation’s culture and attitudes toward life and death.

It is a particularly interesting area of inquiry, as it seeks to answer the deeper philosophical questions, such as “What does it mean to be alive?” and “What is the purpose of life?” While Christianity is the dominant religion in the Western world, Japan provides a refreshing and inspiring look into the deep spiritual philosophy that underpins the East.
Federico De Iorio @ Unsplash